SS8H2a
a. Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter
of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi,
Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah
James Edward Oglethorpe (1696-1785)
-Founder of Georgia
-1729
Oglethorpe’s friend, Robert Castell, is jailed because of his debts
-due to
prison rules and lack of money, as prisoners could pay for better living
conditions, Castell is thrown into a cell with a person who has smallpox
and dies
-this
event impacts Oglethorpe’s life heavily
-Castell's
death led Oglethorpe to launch a national campaign on prison reform
-Oglethorpe
was able to see the horrible living conditions in prison
-Oglethorpe
was alarmed at the number of people in jail that were
there
only for their lack of ability to pay their bills (indebtedness)
-this
event in Oglethorpe’s life would become one of the
three
main reasons for Georgia
-Oglethorpe
and friends began looking for a way to
solve the
problem of England
explored
the possibility of a new colony in America
-1732 King George
II grants a charter to Oglethorpe and twenty other trustees
-Oglethorpe
was initially motivated by charity, but it was the other two reasons,
2.
economics and 3. defense, that motivated King George II grant the charter
*not one of the original Georgia
-Oglethorpe, and
the other settlers, traveled aboard the Anne
-Oglethorpe and
company landed in South Carolina
a place to settle
-Oglethorpe
selected a place seventeen miles from the mouth of the Savannah
River, a
place called Yamacraw Bluff
-The
land belonged to the Yamacraw Indian tribe
-Oglethorpe became friends with the
chief of the Yamacraw tribe,
Tomochichi
-Yamacraw Bluff became the
site for the city of Savannah
-12 February 1733
Oglethorpe and the other settlers arrived at Yamacraw Bluff
-Oglethorpe planned for equality in Savannah
-houses and
lots were identical
-the amount
of land that could be owned was restricted
Charter of 1732
-Issued by King
George II
-The charter
outlined the three purposes for Georgia
1.
Charitable: worthy poor
2.
Economics: provide England
3.
Defensive: Georgia was to
protect Charles Town (Charleston
-The charter
granted fifty acres to those who could not pay their own way, and
five-hundred
acres to those who could. These five-hundred acres were tax free
for ten years.
-Slavery was not
allowed
-primarily
because of the threat of a Spanish attack from Florida
that the
slaves would fight with the Spanish
-it was believed that slavery would
hinder the settler’s work ethic
-Rum was not
allowed
-This would
also hinder progress in the new colony
-Rum had
often been used in unfair dealings with Indians, and Oglethorpe
Believed in treating the Indians fairly
-Land use and
size was restricted
-most
settlers received fifty acres
-many people received land that was not
good for farming
-some
people received land that was underwater during high tide
-land could
not be sold, and could not be inherited by women
-colonists
disliked the rules about slavery, rum, and land
Tomochichi
-chief of the
Yamacraw Indians
-served as a
mediator between early settlers and natives
-his
mediation was critical to the new colonies success
-Tomochichi helped Oglethorpe negotiate
treaties with Indians throughout Georgia
-Oglethorpe
received permission from Tomochichi to establish the city of Savannah
its current
location
-Tomochichi also
served as a goodwill ambassador to England
-His work
as an ambassador gained parliamentary/English support for Georgia
Mary Musgrove
-J. Oglethorpe’s
official translator
-served as interpreter for J.
Oglethorpe and Tomochichi
-helped the English and Creek Indians
peacefully coexist
-ran a trading post which supplied the
colonists with much needed supplies, such as
meat, bread, and
other supplies
-located
seventeen miles up the Savannah River on
Yamacraw Bluff
-original plan
was based on Azilia
-plan originally
called for four wards each with a public square in the middle
-the city was to
be laid out in a square grid array
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