10/23/12

Assignments:
-Warm Up 59
-Finish Foldable
-Ch. 7 Vocabulary

10/22/12

Assignments:
-Warm Up 58
-Revolutionary War Foldable




***Chapter 6 and 7 Test on 10/31***

10/19/12

Assignments:
-Word Wall Quiz 5

10/18/12

Assignments:
-Warm Up  57
-Finish pamphlet
-Causes of the American Revolution video with questions

10/17/12

Assignments:
-Warm Up 56
-"Acts" Pamphlet
- Ch. 6 Building Vocabulary w/s

10/16/12

Assignments:
-Warm Up 55
-French and Indian War notes/presentation - See notes below

The French and Indian War

How did this war lead to changes in the relationship between Britain and the Colonists?

French and English Collide

The “French and Indian War” which officially took place from 1754 to 1763,  was the colonial part of the “Seven Years War” (1756 1763). It was the bloodiest American war in the 1700’s and took more lives than the American Revolution while involving people on three continents, including the Caribbean.

In 1756, John Reynolds was governor of Georgia. He was followed by Henry Ellis and then James Wright.

The war was the product of a clash between the French and English over colonial territory and wealth. In North America, the war can also be seen as a product of the local rivalry between British and French colonists.

A combined force of French soldiers and their native allies overwhelmed the British-held Fort Necessity on July 3, 1754, marking the start of the “French and Indian War” in North America.

However, England did not officially declare war until 1756.

The Native Americans were given weapons by both sides and then urged to attack each other for European benefit.

Towards the end, Spain tried to help France, but it did not affect the outcome of the war.

The End

The French and Indian War ended in 1763 with the British in control.

The 1763 Treaty of Paris, which also ended the European “Seven Years War”, set the terms by which France would surrender. Under the treaty, the British claimed all of the land east of the Mississippi.

Spain received New Orleans and Louisiana from France for trying to assist them during the war.

The British also received Cuba and the Philippines during the war, but traded them for Florida.

North America 1763:

Lasting effects

After the war, Britain faced many problems.

  1. War debt.

  2. Wanted colonies to help pay debt.

  3. Colonists started settling west of the   Appalachian Mountains.

  ^NA began to attack/destroy   British forts in this area

  ^Colonists attacked NA for no   reason

  ^Expensive to defend territory

 

Proclamation of 1763

vto prevent colonists from settling area

vto prevent conflict with the Native Americans

vColonists were angered and continued to move into the area

Georgia:
The Youngest Colony

Ready and Able

to Grow

Changing Borders

1763 the Treaty of Augusta was negotiated with the Creek

Gov. Wright confirmed the border between Creeks and Colonists

Coast south of Savannah River

The land was settled but not surveyed until 1768

Growing

Another treaty in 1773 added two million acres in two areas: North of Augusta and between the Ogeechee and Altamaha Rivers.

By 1776, almost 50,000 people lived in Georgia.

10/15/12

Assignments:
-Warm Up 54
-Ch. 6 Vocabulary
-Declaration of Independence music video

***Ch. 6 Vocabulary Test Friday 10/19***

10/8/12

Assignments:
-Warm Up 53
-Review for final tomorrow

***Nine Weeks Final Is Tomorrow!!!!!!***

10/3-5/12

10/3/12
Assignments:
-Warm Up
-SS8H2a Notes & Discussion

10/4/12
-Warm Up
-SS8H2bc Notes & Discussion
-Ch. 5 Building Vocabulary w/s

10/5/12
-Warm Up
- Word Wall Quiz 4
-Georgia Stories video 103

SS8H2bc Notes

b. Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s colonial history, emphasizing the role of the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat from Florida.

 

-Trustee Period of GA 1733-1752

-Trustees were trusted to manage the colony for the King

 

-Highland Scots (Scots Highlanders)

            -Led by Hugh Mackay

            -built a fort in the area called Darien, along the Altamaha river, to protect Savannah

-The Altamaha was GA’s southern border

 

-Salzburgers

            -from Austria

-The Georgia Salzburgers, a group of German-speaking Protestant colonists, founded the town of Ebenezer in what is now Effingham County.

-Came to GA to escape religious persecution from the Catholic Archbishop Count Leopold von Firmian

-The Count issued an edict (an order) to protestants that said if you did not own land, you had 8 days to get out, if you did own land, you had 3 months to get out

- James Oglethorpe, the founder of the Georgia colony, who assigned them a home about twenty-five miles upriver in a low-lying area on Ebenezer Creek.

 

Malcontents

- many of Georgia's original settlers came with monetary aid from the Trustees

- most of the Malcontents arrived without assistance and thus did not have the same loyalty to the colony's founders

- the Malcontents objected to the Trustees' limits on land ownership and prohibitions on slavery and rum

- Malcontents could afford to purchase slaves and vast tracts of land, they felt the policies of the Trustees prevented them from realizing their economic potential

-Malcontents published the following articles to convince people they were in the right

- A True and Historical Narrative of the Colony of Georgia- Patrick Tailfer

- The Hard Case of the Distressed People of Georgia- 1742 Thomas Stephens

-the Trustees passed a law in 1750 allowing slavery, many credited the change to the actions and writings of the Malcontents; when slavery and unlimited land ownership were allowed, they could claim victory

 

Spanish Threat From Florida

 

-The Battle of Bloody Marsh

            -Oglethorpe + Highland Scots + Native Americans = allies

                        -Oglethorpe had 650 troops, Spain had 2,000

                                    -Spanish though Oglethorpe’s troops outnumbered them!

            -Oglethorpe defeated the Spanish at the Battle of Bloody Marsh

            -Significant battle that changed GA history

            -the defeat of the Spanish at Bloody Marsh showed that the Spanish threat from Florida was not as major as once thought

            -With the Spanish in Florida no longer a threat, people now argued that slavery should be allowed in GA

                        -(Remember: the trustees did not allow slavery for fear of a slave revolt if the Spanish ever attacked from Florida. Now that Spanish threat is not there.)

 

 

c. Explain the development of Georgia as a royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery, government, and the impact of the royal governors.

 

Changes in GA

 

Land Ownership

 

-Old Rule: No man could own more than 50 acres

-New Rule: mid 1740’s, trustees raised the limit on land to 2,000 acres

-New Rule: women could inherit property left to them in a will

 

Slavery

-Old Rule: No slaves. Slaves would make people lazy and most importantly, slaves might revolt if the Spanish in Florida ever decide to attack GA

 

-New Rule: Slavery became legal on 1 January 1751

            (Remember: the Battle of Bloody Marsh made the Spanish threat in Florida seem insignificant, so the idea of a slave revolt if the Spanish attacked was now very remote)

 

Government

-Under the Royal Colony – the government of GA consisted of 1. The (royal) governor, 2. His council, and 3. The legislature

 

-Governor’s council had 12 men who informed the Governor

            -The council was also the Upper House of Assembly (Part of the legislature)

            -The council also served  on the Court of Errors (Court of Appeals)

-Commons House of Assembly – elected by colonists – the other part of the legislature

            -originally 19 members, later expanded to 25

            (Upper House of Assembly + Commons House of Assembly = legislature)

 

Royal Governors

Royal Georgia refers to the period between the termination of Trustee governance of Georgia and the colony's declaration of independence at the beginning of the American Revolution (1775-83)

1. John Reynolds the first royal governor of Georgia, proved ineffective and was recalled at the end of 1756.

 

2. Henry Ellis the second royal governor,  established a sound foundation for government during his four-year administration.
3. James Wright replaced Ellis in 1760, proved to be an efficient administrator and a popular governor. During his tenure in office Georgia enjoyed a period of remarkable growth.

SS8H2a Notes

SS8H2a

a. Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah.

 

James Edward Oglethorpe (1696-1785)

     -Founder of Georgia

     -1729 Oglethorpe’s friend, Robert Castell, is jailed because of his debts

            -due to prison rules and lack of money, as prisoners could pay for better living

            conditions, Castell is thrown into a cell with a person who has smallpox and dies

                        -this event impacts Oglethorpe’s life heavily

            -Castell's death led Oglethorpe to launch a national campaign on prison reform

                        -Oglethorpe was able to see the horrible living conditions in prison

                                    -Oglethorpe was alarmed at the number of people in jail that were

                                    there only for their lack of ability to pay their bills (indebtedness)

                                                -this event in Oglethorpe’s life would become one of the

                                                three main reasons for Georgia’s founding (charity)

                                                            -Oglethorpe and friends began looking for a way to

                                                            solve the problem of England’s “worthy poor,” they

                                                            explored the possibility of a new colony in America

     -1732 King George II grants a charter to Oglethorpe and twenty other trustees

            -Oglethorpe was initially motivated by charity, but it was the other two reasons,

            2. economics and 3. defense, that motivated King George II grant the charter

*not one of the original Georgia 114 settlers came from a prison*

     -Oglethorpe, and the other settlers, traveled aboard the Anne

     -Oglethorpe and company landed in South Carolina and Oglethorpe went to scout out

     a place to settle

            -Oglethorpe selected a place seventeen miles from the mouth of the Savannah

            River, a place called Yamacraw Bluff

                        -The land belonged to the Yamacraw Indian tribe

                                    -Oglethorpe became friends with the chief of the Yamacraw tribe,

                                    Tomochichi

                        -Yamacraw Bluff became the site for the city of Savannah

     -12 February 1733 Oglethorpe and the other settlers arrived at Yamacraw Bluff

     -Oglethorpe planned for equality in Savannah

            -houses and lots were identical

            -the amount of land that could be owned was restricted

 

Charter of 1732

     -Issued by King George II

     -The charter outlined the three purposes for Georgia’s existence

            1. Charitable: worthy poor

            2. Economics: provide England with cheap natural resources and a new market

            3. Defensive: Georgia was to protect Charles Town (Charleston) from Spanish

            Florida

     -The charter granted fifty acres to those who could not pay their own way, and

      five-hundred acres to those who could. These five-hundred acres were tax free

      for ten years.

     -Slavery was not allowed

            -primarily because of the threat of a Spanish attack from Florida, and for fear

            that the slaves would fight with the Spanish

-it was believed that slavery would hinder the settler’s work ethic

     -Rum was not allowed

            -This would also hinder progress in the new colony

            -Rum had often been used in unfair dealings with Indians, and Oglethorpe

             Believed in treating the Indians fairly

     -Land use and size was restricted

            -most settlers received fifty acres

                 -many people received land that was not good for farming

                        -some people received land that was underwater during high tide

            -land could not be sold, and could not be inherited by women

     -colonists disliked the rules about slavery, rum, and land

 

Tomochichi

     -chief of the Yamacraw Indians

     -served as a mediator between early settlers and natives

            -his mediation was critical to the new colonies success

     -Tomochichi helped Oglethorpe negotiate treaties with Indians throughout Georgia

     -Oglethorpe received permission from Tomochichi to establish the city of Savannah in 

     its current location

     -Tomochichi also served as a goodwill ambassador to England

            -His work as an ambassador gained parliamentary/English support for Georgia

 

Mary Musgrove

     -J. Oglethorpe’s official translator

-served as interpreter for J. Oglethorpe and Tomochichi

      -helped the English and Creek Indians peacefully coexist

      -ran a trading post which supplied the colonists with much needed supplies, such as

     meat, bread, and other supplies

 

Savannah

     -located seventeen miles up the Savannah River on Yamacraw Bluff

     -original plan was based on Azilia

     -plan originally called for four wards each with a public square in the middle

     -the city was to be laid out in a square grid array

10/2/12

Assignment:
-Ch. 2-3 test

10/1/12

Assignments
-Warm Up 48
-Ch. 5 Vocabulary
-Ch. 5 Building Vocabulary w/s

**Test tomorrow** The test will cover chapters two and three. Students should review vocabulary from these chapters, ch. two notes from textbook, and ch. 3 notes that I gave them. Students were advised about this test early last week. Test was scheduled for today.


Class Notes for Ch. 3

b. Evaluate the impact of European contact on Native American cultures; include Spanish missions along the barrier islands, and the explorations of Hernando DeSoto.

The Impact of European contact on Native American cultures

-Impact: Influence; a forceful or dramatic effect

-The primary impact of European contact was the number of deaths of Native Americans due to exposure to European diseases.

-The lasting impact of European contact on Native Americans is that their culture was never able to recover from European explorers and colonization.

-Why: The world of Native Americans changed drastically when Europeans began exploring the Americas. No longer were Native Americans in control of their homeland.

 

Explorations of Hernando De Soto

-Why is he important: De Soto was the first European in Georgia. He entered Georgia, in 1540, once in south Georgia and again through the Ridge and Valley region.

-De Soto’s Conflicts With Native Americans: De Soto was cruel to Native Americans. De Soto fought a battle with Native Americans where 2,500 – 3,000 people died. De Soto’s cruel treatment of Native Americans caused Native Americans to not trust future European explorers. De Soto’s explorations spread many devastating diseases to Native Americans, such as smallpox and measles.

 

Spanish Missions along the barrier islands

--The Spanish mission district was known as “Guale.” Guale (pronounced: wall e) was the name of the local Indian tribe who inhabited the coast and barrier islands

1 Main purpose for Spanish Missions: KEEP THE FRENCH OFF THE COAST!!!!!!

                2. Bring Christianity to the Indians

                -missions, or churches, were surrounded by small settlements

                -the Spanish tried to “civilize” the Indians by making them more European

-Menendez de Aviles began a mission on St. Catherine’s Island named “Santa Catalina de Guale.”

                -other missions were located near Valdosta and Statenville

 

Overall impact of Spanish Missions?

                -Spain controlled much of the Americas by 1700

                                -Spain controlled much of Georgia’s coast for over 100 years

                -Spain became very rich and powerful

                                -this wealth and power made other European countries envious

-leading other European nations (France, England, Portugal) to launch expeditions to the “New World.”

                -The Spanish ownership of Florida motivated King George II to allow Oglethorpe to settle Georgia

c. Explain reasons for European exploration and settlement of North America, with emphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish, and British in the southeastern area.

 

Reasons for French Exploration and Settlement of North America

-Jean Ribault – (1562) – a Huguenot (a French protestant) came to the southeast to find religious freedom. France was officially a Catholic nation. Protestants and Catholics did not get along in France. Protestants had to find a new place to live to escape the persecution of the Catholics.  Ribault explored the barrier islands. Ribault ran low on supplies and had to go home to France.

 

-Rene de Laudonniere- Explored Florida with hopes of finding religious freedom. Established Fort Caroline, near Jacksonville. Laudonniere’s expedition ran low on supplies and many of the explorers ran off to become pirates. The Spanish later came and destroyed Ft. Caroline.

 

Reasons for Spanish Exploration and Settlement of North America

-Really this comes down to money and power

-Spanish were looking for new trade routes to Asia when Columbus found the Americas. New trade routes would allow the Spanish to avoid the tolls of the Muslims who controlled the traditional trade routes from Europe to Asia. Not paying the tolls equals more money for Spanish businesses.

-Juan Ponce de Leon was looking for the fountain of youth. He discovered the Gulf Stream.

-De Soto was looking for gold

-Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon – first Spanish settlements along the East coast

-Pedro Menendez de Aviles – sent to Florida to prevent the French from building a fort in Spanish Territory. He built a fort named St. Augustine.

 

Reasons for English Exploration and Settlement of North America

-Spain and England = NOT Friends

                -Spain was Catholic and England was Protestant

-English defeat of Spanish Armada exposed Spanish weaknesses

Conditions in England

-Overcrowding of English cities – new colonies would ease overcrowding

-Colonies in the New World would 1. Create new markets for English products, and 2. Supply English factories with raw materials

-Mercantilism – The mother country getting rich at the expense of the colonies

 

-Early English Colonies in the New World

                -Roanoke (1585 – 1590), Jamestown (1607 – Present), Charles Town (Charleston) (1670 – Present)

Plans for a Georgia Colony

-English were concerned about the Spanish in Florida attacking the English colony in Carolina

-Robert Montgomery was granted all the land between the Altamaha and Savannah rivers

-The proposed colony was called the Margravate of Azilia (what is now GA) – called a future Eden

-Azilia never materialized due to the threat of Spanish and Native American attacks

-See Azilia map on p 53